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Japan: cities by population

By James Burfield, SEO consultant, Bath · Page updated · UN World Population Prospects

Japan has a population of 122,427,731 (UN estimate, 2026), with Tokyo as its capital. The 50 largest of its 1,972 recorded towns and cities, ranked.

-4%
since 2000 (127,027,789)
-14%
projected by 2050 (105,123,167)
325
people per km²
19501975200020252050 86.4M 105.1M
UN estimates to 2026; the dashed line is the medium-variant projection to 2050, a forecast rather than a measurement. Source: World Population Prospects 2024.
Full UN series, 1950 to 2050
YearPopulation
195086,443,277
1975113,321,196
2000127,027,789
2005127,913,330
2010128,185,275
2015127,275,872
2020126,304,543
2025123,103,479
2026122,427,731
2030 projected119,584,121
2050 projected105,123,167

Medium variant. Figures from 2026 onward are projections, not measurements.

Figures are the latest available in GeoNames (CC BY 4.0), which draws on national censuses of varying dates — treat them as recent, not same-year. Country totals are UN World Population Prospects 2024 (medium variant) where the UN lists the country separately; the handful it reports under a parent state keep a GeoNames figure and are marked as such. Sources & method.

Largest cities in Japan

#PlaceRegionPopulation
1TokyoTokyo9,733,276
2YokohamaKanagawa3,777,491
3OsakaOsaka2,753,862
4NagoyaAichi2,332,176
5SapporoHokkaido1,973,832
6FukuokaFukuoka1,612,392
7KawasakiKanagawa1,538,262
8KobeHyōgo1,525,152
9KyotoKyoto1,463,723
10SaitamaSaitama1,324,854
11HiroshimaHiroshima1,200,754
12SendaiMiyagi1,096,704
13ChibaChiba979,768
14KitakyushuFukuoka940,978
15SakaiOsaka826,161
16NiigataNiigata797,591
17HamamatsuShizuoka791,707
18KumamotoKumamoto738,907
19AiharaKanagawa725,493
20OkayamaOkayama724,691
21SagamiharaKanagawa720,780
22ShizuokaShizuoka693,389
23KawaguchiSaitama607,373
24KagoshimaKagoshima595,049
25HachiōjiTokyo579,355
26KotōKumamoto543,730
27HimejiHyōgo530,495
28UtsunomiyaTochigi518,757
29MatsuyamaEhime511,192
30MatsudoChiba498,575
31HigashiosakaOsaka493,940
32NishinomiyaHyōgo485,587
33KurashikiOkayama483,576
34ŌitaOita477,715
35FukuyamaHiroshima468,812
36KanazawaIshikawa466,029
37AmagasakiHyōgo459,593
38FujisawaKanagawa439,728
39KashiwaChiba433,436
40MachidaTokyo431,079
41ToyotaAichi426,162
42ShinagawaEhime422,488
43TakamatsuKagawa418,994
44ToyamaToyama415,844
45YokosukaKanagawa409,478
46NagasakiNagasaki409,118
47HirakataOsaka406,331
48GifuGifu402,557

Twenty years earlier: Japan in the 2005 World Gazetteer — population then 128,137,485.

Common questions

What is the population of Japan?
Japan has a population of 122,427,731, the UN World Population Prospects estimate for 2026. The UN's medium-variant projection for 2050 is 105,123,167 — a forecast, not a measurement.
What is the capital of Japan?
Tokyo.

Go deeper

Tokyo
The largest place we record in Japan: 9,733,276 people
Japan in 2005
The World Gazetteer's archive edition: 128,137,485 then
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